Total and available heavy metal concentrations in soils of the Thriassio plain (Greece) and assessment of soil pollution indexes

dc.contributor.author	Massas, I	en
dc.contributor.author	Kalivas, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Ehaliotis, C	en
dc.contributor.author	Gasparatos, D	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:52:53Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:52:53Z
dc.date.issued	2013	en
dc.identifier.issn	01676369	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3062-1	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/6238
dc.subject	Enrichment factor	en
dc.subject	Geoaccumulation index	en
dc.subject	Heavy metals	en
dc.subject	Metal availability	en
dc.subject	Soil	en
dc.subject	Soil pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Different distributions	en
dc.subject.other	Different origins	en
dc.subject.other	Enrichment factors	en
dc.subject.other	Geo-accumulation index	en
dc.subject.other	Heavy metal concentration	en
dc.subject.other	Large-scale manufacturing	en
dc.subject.other	Metal concentrations	en
dc.subject.other	Soil contamination	en
dc.subject.other	Copper	en
dc.subject.other	Heavy metals	en
dc.subject.other	Lead	en
dc.subject.other	Manganese	en
dc.subject.other	Metals	en
dc.subject.other	Nickel	en
dc.subject.other	Soils	en
dc.subject.other	Zinc	en
dc.subject.other	Soil pollution	en
dc.subject.other	barium	en
dc.subject.other	chromium	en
dc.subject.other	cobalt	en
dc.subject.other	copper	en
dc.subject.other	heavy metal	en
dc.subject.other	iron	en
dc.subject.other	lead	en
dc.subject.other	manganese	en
dc.subject.other	nickel	en
dc.subject.other	zinc	en
dc.subject.other	concentration (composition)	en
dc.subject.other	enrichment	en
dc.subject.other	environmental assessment	en
dc.subject.other	geoaccumulation index	en
dc.subject.other	heavy metal	en
dc.subject.other	soil pollution	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	availability ratio	en
dc.subject.other	bioavailability	en
dc.subject.other	chemical analysis	en
dc.subject.other	concentration (parameters)	en
dc.subject.other	controlled study	en
dc.subject.other	enrichment factor	en
dc.subject.other	environmental enrichment	en
dc.subject.other	environmental monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	environmental parameters	en
dc.subject.other	geoaccumulation index	en
dc.subject.other	geographic distribution	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	parameters	en
dc.subject.other	soil analysis	en
dc.subject.other	soil pollution	en
dc.subject.other	soil pollution index	en
dc.subject.other	soil property	en
dc.subject.other	Agriculture	en
dc.subject.other	Cities	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	Metals, Heavy	en
dc.subject.other	Soil	en
dc.subject.other	Soil Pollutants	en
dc.subject.other	Athens [Attica]	en
dc.subject.other	Attica	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	Equus asinus	en
dc.title	Total and available heavy metal concentrations in soils of the Thriassio plain (Greece) and assessment of soil pollution indexes	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1007/s10661-013-3062-1	en
heal.publicationDate	2013	en
heal.abstract	The Thriassio plain is located 25 km west of Athens city, the capital of Greece. Two major towns (Elefsina and Aspropyrgos), heavy industry plants, medium to large-scale manufacturing, logistics plants, and agriculture comprise the main land uses of the studied area. The aim of the present study was to measure the total and available concentrations of Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, Mn, Ba, Cu, and Fe in the top soils of the plain, and to asses soil contamination by these metals by using the geoaccumulation index (I geo), the enrichment factor (EF), and the availability ratio (AR) as soil pollution indexes. Soil samples were collected from 90 sampling sites, and aqua regia and DTPA extractions were carried out to determine total and available metal forms, respectively. Median total Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, Mn, Ba, Cu, and Fe concentrations were 78, 155, 81, 112, 24, 321, 834, 38, and 16 × 103 mg kg-1, respectively. The available fractions showed much lower values with medians of 0.4, 5.6, 1.7, 6.9, 0.8, 5.7, 19.8, 2.1, and 2.9 mg kg -1. Though median total metal concentrations are not considered as particularly high, the I geo and the EF values indicate moderate to heavy soil enrichment. For certain metals such as Cr, Ni, Cu, and Ba, the different distribution patterns between the EFs and the ARs suggest different origin of the total and the available metal forms. The evaluation of the EF and AR data sets for the soils of the two towns further supports the argument that the EFs can well demonstrate the long-term history of soil pollution and that the ARs can adequately portray the recent history of soil pollution. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	en
heal.journalName	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	en
dc.identifier.issue	8	en
dc.identifier.volume	185	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1007/s10661-013-3062-1	en
dc.identifier.spage	6751	en
dc.identifier.epage	6766	en