Japanese quail acute exposure to methamidophos: experimental design, lethal, sub-lethal effects and cholinesterase biochemical and histochemical expression.

dc.contributor.author	Foudoulakis, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Balaskas, C	en
dc.contributor.author	Csato, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Szentes, C	en
dc.contributor.author	Arapis, G	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:52:39Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:52:39Z
dc.date.issued	2013	en
dc.identifier.issn	18791026	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/6107
dc.relation.uri	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84883729640&partnerID=40&md5=dca239b7c1ddf79c53111654a09c4a2b	en
dc.subject.other	cholinesterase	en
dc.subject.other	cholinesterase inhibitor	en
dc.subject.other	methamidophos	en
dc.subject.other	phosphorothioic acid derivative	en
dc.subject.other	animal	en
dc.subject.other	antibody specificity	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	blood	en
dc.subject.other	Coturnix	en
dc.subject.other	dose response	en
dc.subject.other	environmental monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	growth, development and aging	en
dc.subject.other	metabolism	en
dc.subject.other	methodology	en
dc.subject.other	pollutant	en
dc.subject.other	survival	en
dc.subject.other	tissue distribution	en
dc.subject.other	Animals	en
dc.subject.other	Cholinesterase Inhibitors	en
dc.subject.other	Cholinesterases	en
dc.subject.other	Coturnix	en
dc.subject.other	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Pollutants	en
dc.subject.other	Organ Specificity	en
dc.subject.other	Organothiophosphorus Compounds	en
dc.subject.other	Research Design	en
dc.subject.other	Survival Analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Tissue Distribution	en
dc.title	Japanese quail acute exposure to methamidophos: experimental design, lethal, sub-lethal effects and cholinesterase biochemical and histochemical expression.	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.publicationDate	2013	en
heal.abstract	We exposed the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to the organophosphate methamidophos using acute oral test. Mortality and sub-lethal effects were recorded in accordance to internationally accepted protocols. In addition cholinesterases were biochemically estimated in tissues of the quail: brain, liver and plasma. Furthermore, brain, liver and duodenum cryostat sections were processed for cholinesterase histochemistry using various substrates and inhibitors. Mortalities occurred mainly in the first 1-2h following application. Sub-lethal effects, such as ataxia, ruffled feathers, tremor, salivation and reduced or no reaction to external stimuli were observed. Biochemical analysis in the brain, liver and plasma indicates a strong cholinesterase dependent inhibition with respect to mortality and sub-lethal effects of the quail. The histochemical staining also indicated a strong cholinesterase inhibition in the organs examined and the analysis of the stained sections allowed for an estimation and interpretation of the intoxication effects of methamidophos, in combination with tissue morphology visible by Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. We conclude that the use of biochemistry and histochemistry for the biomarker cholinesterase, may constitute a significantly novel approach for understanding the results obtained by the acute oral test employed in order to assess the effects of methamidophos and other chemicals known to inhibit this very important nervous system enzyme. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	en
heal.journalName	The Science of the total environment	en
dc.identifier.volume	450-451	en
dc.identifier.spage	334	en
dc.identifier.epage	347	en