Regulation of water pollution from hydraulic fracturing in horizontally-drilled wells in the Marcellus shale region, USA

dc.contributor.author	Hatzenbuhler, H	en
dc.contributor.author	Centner, TJ	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:52:01Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:52:01Z
dc.date.issued	2012	en
dc.identifier.issn	20734441	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w4040983	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/5818
dc.subject	Governmental regulation	en
dc.subject	Horizontal drilling	en
dc.subject	Hydraulic fracturing	en
dc.subject	Water pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Commercial sources	en
dc.subject.other	Economic activities	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental risks	en
dc.subject.other	Governmental regulations	en
dc.subject.other	Industrial processs	en
dc.subject.other	Policy suggestions	en
dc.subject.other	Production activity	en
dc.subject.other	Water contamination	en
dc.subject.other	Economics	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental impact	en
dc.subject.other	Hydraulic fracturing	en
dc.subject.other	Petroleum deposits	en
dc.subject.other	Proven reserves	en
dc.subject.other	Shale	en
dc.subject.other	Water pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Water supply	en
dc.subject.other	Horizontal drilling	en
dc.subject.other	economic activity	en
dc.subject.other	environmental impact	en
dc.subject.other	fossil fuel	en
dc.subject.other	high pressure	en
dc.subject.other	hydraulic fracture	en
dc.subject.other	oil shale	en
dc.subject.other	shale	en
dc.subject.other	water pollution	en
dc.title	Regulation of water pollution from hydraulic fracturing in horizontally-drilled wells in the Marcellus shale region, USA	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.3390/w4040983	en
heal.publicationDate	2012	en
heal.abstract	Hydraulic fracturing is an industrial process used to extract fossil fuel reserves that lie deep underground. With the introduction of horizontal drilling, new commercial sources of energy have become available. Wells are drilled and injected with large quantities of water mixed with specially selected chemicals at high pressures that allow petroleum reserves to flow to the surface. While the increased economic activities and the outputs of domestic energy are welcomed, there is growing concern over negative environmental impacts from horizontal drilling in shale formations. The potential for water contamination, land destruction, air pollution, and geologic disruption has raised concerns about the merits of production activities used during extraction. This paper looks at the impacts of horizontal drilling using hydraulic fracturing on water supplies and takes a comprehensive look at legislative and regulatory approaches to mitigate environmental risks in the Marcellus shale region. The overview identifies shortcomings associated with regulatory controls by local and state governments and offers two policy suggestions to better protect waters of the region. © 2012 by the authors.	en
heal.journalName	Water (Switzerland)	en
dc.identifier.issue	4	en
dc.identifier.volume	4	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.3390/w4040983	en
dc.identifier.spage	983	en
dc.identifier.epage	994	en