Hemicellulose hydrolysis using solid acid catalysts generated from biochar

dc.contributor.author	Ormsby, R	en
dc.contributor.author	Kastner, JR	en
dc.contributor.author	Miller, J	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:51:50Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:51:50Z
dc.date.issued	2012	en
dc.identifier.issn	09205861	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2012.02.050	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/5726
dc.subject	Carbon	en
dc.subject	Catalyst	en
dc.subject	Hemicellulose	en
dc.subject	Hydrolysis	en
dc.subject	Solid acid	en
dc.subject.other	Acid site	en
dc.subject.other	Active site	en
dc.subject.other	Active site density	en
dc.subject.other	Amberlyst-15	en
dc.subject.other	ATR FTIR	en
dc.subject.other	Attenuated total reflectance	en
dc.subject.other	Biochar	en
dc.subject.other	Biorefineries	en
dc.subject.other	Building blockes	en
dc.subject.other	Carbon catalysts	en
dc.subject.other	Catalytic testing	en
dc.subject.other	Forest biorefinery	en
dc.subject.other	Hemicellulose	en
dc.subject.other	Hemicellulose hydrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	Hot water extraction	en
dc.subject.other	Hydrolysis rate	en
dc.subject.other	Hydrolysis reaction	en
dc.subject.other	Kinetic analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Macroreticular resin	en
dc.subject.other	Model compound	en
dc.subject.other	Multiple use	en
dc.subject.other	Pine chips	en
dc.subject.other	Slow pyrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	Solid acid	en
dc.subject.other	Solid acid catalysts	en
dc.subject.other	Styrene-divinylbenzene	en
dc.subject.other	Surface area	en
dc.subject.other	Working volume	en
dc.subject.other	Activated carbon	en
dc.subject.other	Batch reactors	en
dc.subject.other	Carbohydrates	en
dc.subject.other	Carbon	en
dc.subject.other	Catalysts	en
dc.subject.other	Cellulose	en
dc.subject.other	Hydrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	Kraft process	en
dc.subject.other	Leaching	en
dc.subject.other	Oligomers	en
dc.subject.other	Reaction rates	en
dc.subject.other	Refining	en
dc.subject.other	Styrene	en
dc.subject.other	Catalyst activity	en
dc.subject.other	Activated Carbon	en
dc.subject.other	Carbohydrates	en
dc.subject.other	Catalysts	en
dc.subject.other	Char	en
dc.subject.other	Hemicellulase	en
dc.subject.other	Hydrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	Leaching	en
dc.subject.other	Oligomers	en
dc.subject.other	Pyrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	Refining	en
dc.title	Hemicellulose hydrolysis using solid acid catalysts generated from biochar	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.cattod.2012.02.050	en
heal.publicationDate	2012	en
heal.abstract	In an integrated forest biorefinery (IFB), hemicellulose is pre-extracted primarily in oligomeric form (e.g., hot water extraction) and the remaining solids (cellulose and lignin) subsequently treated via the Kraft process. Conceptually, hemicellulose can be used as a bio/chemical building block, but requires hydrolysis to monomeric carbohydrates. Selective hemicellulose hydrolysis using reusable solid acid catalysts, generated as a biorefinery co-product, could improve IFB economics. Solid acid carbon catalysts were synthesized from biochar (pine chip or PCC via slow pyrolysis at 400 °C) and wood based activated carbon (AC), and compared with a commercially available sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene macroreticular resin (Amberlyst 15). The formation of active sites (SO 3H) was verified by base titration, CHNS analysis, and attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) analysis with each technique indicating higher active site density in the biochar based catalyst (e.g., 0.7 and 0.2 mmol/g for PCC and AC, respectively). Catalytic testing using birchwood xylan as a model compound was performed in batch reactors (working volume 12 mL, 16 wt% catalyst) over a range of temperatures (90-120 °C). Although the biochar surface area was significantly lower than the activated carbon (365 vs. 1391 m 2/g, respectively) hydrolysis rates were significantly higher for the biochar derived catalyst; e.g., an 85% conversion of xylan was observed within 2 h using the biochar, compared to 57% at 24 h for AC (7.7 g L -1, 120 °C). Kinetic analysis clearly indicated that the hydrolysis reaction rate and conversion increased with temperature (85% in 2 h at 120 °C vs. 65% and <5% for 111 °C and 93 °C, respectively). Catalytic activity declined after one recycling (∼14%) and eventually lost all activity after multiple uses (4×). Loss in activity was attributed to a combination of acid site leaching and significant attrition of the biochar. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	en
heal.journalName	Catalysis Today	en
dc.identifier.issue	1	en
dc.identifier.volume	190	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.cattod.2012.02.050	en
dc.identifier.spage	89	en
dc.identifier.epage	97	en