Towards a standardised surveillance for Trichinella in the European Union

dc.contributor.author	Alban, L	en
dc.contributor.author	Pozio, E	en
dc.contributor.author	Boes, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Boireau, P	en
dc.contributor.author	Boue, F	en
dc.contributor.author	Claes, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Cook, AJC	en
dc.contributor.author	Dorny, P	en
dc.contributor.author	Enemark, HL	en
dc.contributor.author	van der Giessen, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Hunt, KR	en
dc.contributor.author	Howell, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Kirjusina, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Nockler, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Rossi, P	en
dc.contributor.author	Smith, GC	en
dc.contributor.author	Snow, L	en
dc.contributor.author	Taylor, MA	en
dc.contributor.author	Theodoropoulos, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Vallee, I	en
dc.contributor.author	Viera-Pinto, MM	en
dc.contributor.author	Zimmer, IA	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:51:33Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:51:33Z
dc.date.issued	2011	en
dc.identifier.issn	01675877	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.02.008	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/5567
dc.subject	Pigs	en
dc.subject	Risk-based surveillance	en
dc.subject	Standardised monitoring	en
dc.subject	Trichinella	en
dc.subject.other	animal	en
dc.subject.other	animal disease	en
dc.subject.other	animal husbandry	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	cost benefit analysis	en
dc.subject.other	economics	en
dc.subject.other	European Union	en
dc.subject.other	female	en
dc.subject.other	hygiene	en
dc.subject.other	isolation and purification	en
dc.subject.other	male	en
dc.subject.other	public health	en
dc.subject.other	sentinel surveillance	en
dc.subject.other	standard	en
dc.subject.other	swine	en
dc.subject.other	swine disease	en
dc.subject.other	Trichinella	en
dc.subject.other	trichinosis	en
dc.subject.other	Animal Husbandry	en
dc.subject.other	Animals	en
dc.subject.other	Cost-Benefit Analysis	en
dc.subject.other	European Union	en
dc.subject.other	Female	en
dc.subject.other	Hygiene	en
dc.subject.other	Male	en
dc.subject.other	Public Health	en
dc.subject.other	Sentinel Surveillance	en
dc.subject.other	Swine	en
dc.subject.other	Swine Diseases	en
dc.subject.other	Trichinella	en
dc.subject.other	Trichinellosis	en
dc.subject.other	Animalia	en
dc.subject.other	Suidae	en
dc.subject.other	Trichinella	en
dc.title	Towards a standardised surveillance for Trichinella in the European Union	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.02.008	en
heal.publicationDate	2011	en
heal.abstract	Each year, more than 167 million pigs in the European Union (EU) are tested for Trichinella spp. under the current meat hygiene regulations. This imposes large economic costs on countries, yet the vast majority of these pigs test negative and the public health risk in many countries is therefore considered very low. This work reviewed the current Trichinella status across the EU as well as the national level of monitoring and reporting. It also reviewed which animal species were affected by Trichinella and in which species it should be surveyed. This information was used to design a cost-effective surveillance programme that enables a standardised monitoring approach within the EU. The proposed surveillance programme relies on identifying sub-populations of animals with a distinct risk. Low-risk pigs are finisher pigs that originate from so-called controlled housing. All other pigs are considered high-risk pigs. Controlled housing is identified by the application of a specific list of management and husbandry practices. We suggest that member states (MS) be categorised into three classes based on the confidence that Trichinella can be considered absent, in the specified sub-population of pigs above a specified design prevalence which we set to 1 per million pigs. A simple and transparent method is proposed to estimate this confidence, based on the sensitivity of the surveillance system, taking into account the sensitivity of testing and the design prevalence. The probability of detecting a positive case, if present, must be high (>95 or >99%) to ensure that there is a low or negligible risk of transmission to humans through the food chain. In MS where the probability of a positive pig is demonstrated to be negligible, testing of fattening pigs from a sub-population consisting of pigs from controlled housing can be considered unnecessary. Furthermore, reduced testing of finishers from the sub-population consisting of pigs from non-controlled housing might even be considered, if conducted in conjunction with a proportionate sampling scheme and a risk-based wildlife surveillance programme where applicable. The proposed surveillance programme specifies the required number of samples to be taken and found negative, in a MS. A MS with no data or positive findings will initially be allocated to class 1, in which all pigs should be tested. When a MS is able to demonstrate a 95% or 99% confidence that Trichinella is absent, the MS will be allocated to class 2 or 3, in which the testing requirement is lower than in class 1. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	en
heal.journalName	Preventive Veterinary Medicine	en
dc.identifier.issue	2-4	en
dc.identifier.volume	99	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.02.008	en
dc.identifier.spage	148	en
dc.identifier.epage	160	en