Effect of operating conditions of thermochemical liquefaction on biocrude production from Spirulina platensis

dc.contributor.author	Jena, U	en
dc.contributor.author	Das, KC	en
dc.contributor.author	Kastner, JR	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:50:54Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:50:54Z
dc.date.issued	2011	en
dc.identifier.issn	09608524	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.057	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/5220
dc.subject	Biocrude	en
dc.subject	Biofuel	en
dc.subject	Microalgae	en
dc.subject	Thermochemical liquefaction (TCL)	en
dc.subject.other	Biocrude	en
dc.subject.other	Elemental carbon	en
dc.subject.other	Elemental oxygen	en
dc.subject.other	Energy density	en
dc.subject.other	Fuel properties	en
dc.subject.other	Higher hydrocarbons	en
dc.subject.other	Higher temperatures	en
dc.subject.other	Holding time	en
dc.subject.other	Light fraction	en
dc.subject.other	Microalgae	en
dc.subject.other	Operating condition	en
dc.subject.other	Phenolics	en
dc.subject.other	Solids concentrations	en
dc.subject.other	Spirulina platensis	en
dc.subject.other	Thermochemical liquefaction (TCL)	en
dc.subject.other	Aldehydes	en
dc.subject.other	Algae	en
dc.subject.other	Amides	en
dc.subject.other	Biofuels	en
dc.subject.other	Carboxylic acids	en
dc.subject.other	Conversion efficiency	en
dc.subject.other	Crude oil	en
dc.subject.other	Esters	en
dc.subject.other	Hydrocarbons	en
dc.subject.other	Microorganisms	en
dc.subject.other	Oxygen	en
dc.subject.other	Phenols	en
dc.subject.other	Liquefaction	en
dc.subject.other	aldehyde	en
dc.subject.other	amide	en
dc.subject.other	amine	en
dc.subject.other	carbon	en
dc.subject.other	carboxylic acid	en
dc.subject.other	ester	en
dc.subject.other	hydrocarbon	en
dc.subject.other	metal	en
dc.subject.other	oxygen	en
dc.subject.other	petroleum	en
dc.subject.other	phenol	en
dc.subject.other	biofuel	en
dc.subject.other	high temperature	en
dc.subject.other	liquefaction	en
dc.subject.other	microalga	en
dc.subject.other	oxygen	en
dc.subject.other	petroleum	en
dc.subject.other	thermochemistry	en
dc.subject.other	viscosity	en
dc.subject.other	aqueous solution	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	biofuel production	en
dc.subject.other	biomass conversion	en
dc.subject.other	concentration response	en
dc.subject.other	energy	en
dc.subject.other	infrared spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	liquefaction	en
dc.subject.other	mass fragmentography	en
dc.subject.other	nonhuman	en
dc.subject.other	physical chemistry	en
dc.subject.other	priority journal	en
dc.subject.other	separation technique	en
dc.subject.other	solid	en
dc.subject.other	Spirulina platensis	en
dc.subject.other	storage	en
dc.subject.other	temperature	en
dc.subject.other	temperature sensitivity	en
dc.subject.other	thermochemical liquefaction	en
dc.subject.other	viscosity	en
dc.subject.other	Biofuels	en
dc.subject.other	Spirulina	en
dc.subject.other	Spirulina platensis	en
dc.title	Effect of operating conditions of thermochemical liquefaction on biocrude production from Spirulina platensis	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.057	en
heal.publicationDate	2011	en
heal.abstract	This study investigated the optimum thermochemical liquefaction (TCL) operating conditions for producing biocrude from Spirulina platensis. TCL experiments were performed at various temperatures (200-380°C), holding times (0-120min), and solids concentrations (10-50%). TCL conversion at 350°C, 60min holding time and 20% solids concentration produced the highest biocrude yield of 39.9% representing 98.3% carbon conversion efficiency. Light fraction biocrude (B 1) appeared at 300°C or higher temperatures and represented 50-63% of the total biocrude. Biocrude obtained at 350-380°C had similar fuel properties to that of petroleum crude with energy density of 34.7-39.9MJkg -1 compared to 42.9MJkg -1 for petroleum crude. Biocrude from conversion at 300°C or above had 71-77% elemental carbon, and 0.6-11.6% elemental oxygen and viscosities in the range 40-68 cP. GC/MS of biocrude reported higher hydrocarbons (C 16-C 17), phenolics, carboxylic acids, esters, aldehydes, amines, and amides. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	en
heal.journalName	Bioresource Technology	en
dc.identifier.issue	10	en
dc.identifier.volume	102	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.057	en
dc.identifier.spage	6221	en
dc.identifier.epage	6229	en