Storage stability of poultry fat and diesel fuel mixtures: Part II - Chemical properties

dc.contributor.author	Geller, DP	en
dc.contributor.author	Adams, TT	en
dc.contributor.author	Goodrum, JW	en
dc.contributor.author	Pendergrass, J	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:49:50Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:49:50Z
dc.date.issued	2010	en
dc.identifier.issn	00162361	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.021	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/4818
dc.subject	Biofuel	en
dc.subject	Long-term storage	en
dc.subject	Poultry fat	en
dc.subject	Triglycerides	en
dc.subject.other	Ambient conditions	en
dc.subject.other	Chemical change	en
dc.subject.other	Controlled laboratories	en
dc.subject.other	Energy content	en
dc.subject.other	Energy value	en
dc.subject.other	Free fatty acid	en
dc.subject.other	Generating system	en
dc.subject.other	Hydrogen level	en
dc.subject.other	Industrial boilers	en
dc.subject.other	Long-term storage	en
dc.subject.other	Oxygen content	en
dc.subject.other	Pilot scale	en
dc.subject.other	Storage potential	en
dc.subject.other	Storage stability	en
dc.subject.other	Ultimate analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Acids	en
dc.subject.other	Chemical properties	en
dc.subject.other	Chemical stability	en
dc.subject.other	Curricula	en
dc.subject.other	Diesel fuels	en
dc.subject.other	Fatty acids	en
dc.subject.other	Fuel storage	en
dc.subject.other	Mixtures	en
dc.subject.other	Oxygen	en
dc.subject.other	Sulfur	en
dc.subject.other	Biofuels	en
dc.title	Storage stability of poultry fat and diesel fuel mixtures: Part II - Chemical properties	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.021	en
heal.publicationDate	2010	en
heal.abstract	This publication continues previously published work from the authors which evaluates the storage potential of poultry fat for its use as an unmodified biofuel in heat and steam generating systems [1]. The previous work examined the physical properties of these fats while this study is concerned with chemical properties. In this study poultry fat (biofuel) and its 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% mixtures with #2 pump diesel fuel were stored for 1 year at bench scale (1L) under controlled laboratory conditions at 4, 38, 54.4 °C and at 22 °C. One hundred percent of poultry fat was studied under these same conditions with and without an antioxidant additive. Twenty and eighty percent of poultry fat mixtures were also stored at pilot scale (250 gallons) under outdoor, ambient conditions. Chemical properties relevant to the use of these mixtures as a biofuel for industrial boilers were studied and tracked. These properties include Energy Values (BTU), Ultimate Analysis (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, ash, nitrogen, and sulfur), moisture, impurities, unsaponafiables (MIU), and Free Fatty Acid Content. Energy content of the biofuel samples dropped over the course of the study with untreated biofuel losing 18.9% of its BTU value over the course of a year. Ultimate analyses showed an overall increase in carbon composition and a decrease in oxygen content. Hydrogen levels increased in most treatments as did overall ash and sulfur percent composition. MIU values increased, this overall increase was attributable to variable increases in insolubles and unsaponifiables. Free fatty acid levels increased in all treatments. Most of the chemical changes observed in this study were reduced by the addition of antioxidant to 100% biofuel. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	en
heal.journalName	Fuel	en
dc.identifier.issue	3	en
dc.identifier.volume	89	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.021	en
dc.identifier.spage	792	en
dc.identifier.epage	796	en