Production of fuel from the catalytic cracking of pyrolyzed poultry DAF skimmings

dc.contributor.author	Hilten, R	en
dc.contributor.author	Speir, R	en
dc.contributor.author	Kastner, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Das, KC	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:49:49Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:49:49Z
dc.date.issued	2010	en
dc.identifier.issn	01652370	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2010.02.007	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/4804
dc.subject	Biofuel	en
dc.subject	Catalytic cracking	en
dc.subject	DAF	en
dc.subject	Dissolved air flotation	en
dc.subject	Green diesel	en
dc.subject	Pyrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	Bio oil	en
dc.subject.other	Catalytic processing	en
dc.subject.other	Cloud points	en
dc.subject.other	Conventional fuel	en
dc.subject.other	DAF	en
dc.subject.other	Diesel transportation	en
dc.subject.other	Direct combustion	en
dc.subject.other	Dissolved air flotation	en
dc.subject.other	Dissolved air flotations	en
dc.subject.other	Higher heating value	en
dc.subject.other	Industrial boilers	en
dc.subject.other	Liquid Phase	en
dc.subject.other	Petroleum fuels	en
dc.subject.other	Poultry processing	en
dc.subject.other	Thermo chemical process	en
dc.subject.other	Waste materials	en
dc.subject.other	Woody biomass	en
dc.subject.other	Air	en
dc.subject.other	Biofuels	en
dc.subject.other	Diesel engines	en
dc.subject.other	Dissolution	en
dc.subject.other	Flotation	en
dc.subject.other	Liquid fuels	en
dc.subject.other	Liquids	en
dc.subject.other	Petroleum transportation	en
dc.subject.other	Pyrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	Thermogravimetric analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Viscosity	en
dc.subject.other	Waste incineration	en
dc.subject.other	Water content	en
dc.subject.other	Catalytic cracking	en
dc.title	Production of fuel from the catalytic cracking of pyrolyzed poultry DAF skimmings	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.jaap.2010.02.007	en
heal.publicationDate	2010	en
heal.abstract	A two-step thermochemical process, pyrolysis followed by catalytic cracking, was used to produce liquid fuels from poultry dissolved air flotation (DAF) skimmings, a waste material generated during poultry processing. Raw DAF-derived solids were dried and subjected to pyrolysis at 400, 500, 600 or 700 °C to thermally crack the material into three physical phases; a gas, solid, and liquid. The liquid phase, DAF bio-oil, was further processed in an attempt to produce a liquid fuel capable of powering a diesel engine. After catalytic processing and collection, the DAF bio-oil exhibited a higher heating value (HHV) of 36 MJ kg -1, which is less than the reported HHV of diesel (45.7 MJ kg -1), similar to biodiesel (36-40 MJ kg -1), but much higher than the HHV of bio-oil produced from the bioconversion of woody biomass (20 MJ kg -1). DAF bio-oil analysis generated measurements of HHV (MJ kg -1), cloud point (°C), viscosity (mm 2 s -1 at 40 °C), and water content (%) revealed values of 36, 61.7, 37.8, and 4.72, respectively. After catalytic cracking, HHV increased to 40.2 MJ kg -1, cloud point decreased to -2.7 °C, viscosity decreased to 1.6 mm 2 s -1, and water content decreased to 1.9% making it comparable to conventional fuels. The upgraded DAF bio-oil could be utilized as a fuel for direct combustion in industrial boilers for steam generating, blended with petroleum fuels as an additive, or used directly as diesel transportation fuel. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	en
heal.journalName	Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis	en
dc.identifier.issue	1	en
dc.identifier.volume	88	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.jaap.2010.02.007	en
dc.identifier.spage	30	en
dc.identifier.epage	38	en