Effect of fractionation and pyrolysis on fuel properties of poultry litter

dc.contributor.author	Singh, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Risse, LM	en
dc.contributor.author	Das, KC	en
dc.contributor.author	Worley, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Thompson, S	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:49:45Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:49:45Z
dc.date.issued	2010	en
dc.identifier.issn	10473289	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.60.7.875	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/4765
dc.subject.other	Arsenic content	en
dc.subject.other	Bio oil	en
dc.subject.other	Coarse fractions	en
dc.subject.other	Combined solution	en
dc.subject.other	Dense fraction	en
dc.subject.other	Energy productions	en
dc.subject.other	Fuel properties	en
dc.subject.other	Light phase	en
dc.subject.other	Low heating values	en
dc.subject.other	Moisture contents	en
dc.subject.other	Nitrate nitrogen	en
dc.subject.other	Nitrogen atmospheres	en
dc.subject.other	Poultry farms	en
dc.subject.other	Poultry litter	en
dc.subject.other	Pyrolysis process	en
dc.subject.other	Pyrolysis temperature	en
dc.subject.other	Screening process	en
dc.subject.other	Arsenic	en
dc.subject.other	Batch reactors	en
dc.subject.other	Calcium	en
dc.subject.other	Calorific value	en
dc.subject.other	Feedstocks	en
dc.subject.other	Heating	en
dc.subject.other	Mercury (metal)	en
dc.subject.other	Nitrogen	en
dc.subject.other	Nutrients	en
dc.subject.other	Sodium	en
dc.subject.other	Pyrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	fuel	en
dc.subject.other	nitrogen	en
dc.subject.other	oil	en
dc.subject.other	animal food	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	batch reactor	en
dc.subject.other	calorimetry	en
dc.subject.other	controlled study	en
dc.subject.other	density	en
dc.subject.other	farm animal	en
dc.subject.other	fractionation	en
dc.subject.other	heating	en
dc.subject.other	nonhuman	en
dc.subject.other	nutrient content	en
dc.subject.other	particle size	en
dc.subject.other	poultry	en
dc.subject.other	priority journal	en
dc.subject.other	pyrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	quality control	en
dc.subject.other	temperature	en
dc.subject.other	waste	en
dc.subject.other	Animals	en
dc.subject.other	Energy-Generating Resources	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Pollutants	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Floors and Floorcoverings	en
dc.subject.other	Housing, Animal	en
dc.subject.other	Incineration	en
dc.subject.other	Pinus	en
dc.subject.other	Poultry	en
dc.subject.other	Refuse Disposal	en
dc.subject.other	Wood	en
dc.title	Effect of fractionation and pyrolysis on fuel properties of poultry litter	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.3155/1047-3289.60.7.875	en
heal.publicationDate	2010	en
heal.abstract	Raw poultry litter has certain drawbacks for energy production such as high ash and moisture content, a corrosive nature, and low heating values. A combined solution to utilization of raw poultry litter may involve fractionation and pyrolysis. Fractionation divides poultry litter into a fine, nutrient-rich fraction and a coarse, carbon-dense fraction. Pyrolysis of the coarse fraction would remove the corrosive volatiles as bio-oil, leaving clean char. This paper presents the effect of fractionation and pyrolysis process parameters on the calorific value of char and on the characterization of bio-oil. Poultry litter samples collected from three commercial poultry farms were divided into 10 treatments that included 2 controls (raw poultry litter and its coarse fraction having particle size greater than 0.85 mm) and 8 other treatments that were combinations of three factors: type (raw poultry litter or its coarse fraction), heating rate (30 or 10 °C/min), and pyrolysis temperature (300 or 500 °C). After the screening process, the poultry litter samples were dried and pyrolyzed in a batch reactor under nitrogen atmosphere and char and condensate yields were recorded. The condensate was separated into three fractions on the basis of their density: heavy, medium, and light phase. Calorific value and proximate and nutrient analysis were performed for char, condensate, and feedstock. Results show that the char with the highest calorific value (17.39 ± 1.37 MJ/kg) was made from the coarse fraction at 300 °C, which captured 68.71 ± 9.37% of the feedstock energy. The char produced at 300 °C had 42 ± 11 mg/kg arsenic content but no mercury. Almost all of the Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and P remained in the char. The pyrolysis process reduced ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH 4-N) in char by 99.14 ± 0.47% and nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3-N) by 95.79 ± 5.45% at 500 °C. Copyright 2010 Air & Waste Management Association.	en
heal.journalName	Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association	en
dc.identifier.issue	7	en
dc.identifier.volume	60	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.3155/1047-3289.60.7.875	en
dc.identifier.spage	875	en
dc.identifier.epage	883	en