Stabilization of human urine doping control samples: II. Microbial degradation of steroids

dc.contributor.author	Tsivou, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Livadara, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Georgakopoulos, DG	en
dc.contributor.author	Koupparis, MA	en
dc.contributor.author	Atta-Politou, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Georgakopoulos, CG	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:49:33Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:49:33Z
dc.date.issued	2009	en
dc.identifier.issn	00032697	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2009.02.013	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/4660
dc.subject	Doping control analysis	en
dc.subject	Endogenous steroids	en
dc.subject	Mass spectrometry	en
dc.subject	Microorganisms	en
dc.subject	Stabilization	en
dc.subject	Urine	en
dc.subject.other	19 norsteroid	en
dc.subject.other	androstenedione	en
dc.subject.other	androsterone	en
dc.subject.other	antibiotic agent	en
dc.subject.other	antifungal agent	en
dc.subject.other	boldenone	en
dc.subject.other	epitestosterone	en
dc.subject.other	etiocholanolone	en
dc.subject.other	glucuronide	en
dc.subject.other	prasterone sulfate	en
dc.subject.other	proteinase inhibitor	en
dc.subject.other	steroid	en
dc.subject.other	sulfate	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	controlled study	en
dc.subject.other	doping	en
dc.subject.other	female	en
dc.subject.other	growth inhibition	en
dc.subject.other	human	en
dc.subject.other	human experiment	en
dc.subject.other	hydrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	incubation time	en
dc.subject.other	inoculation	en
dc.subject.other	mass fragmentography	en
dc.subject.other	microbial activity	en
dc.subject.other	microbial degradation	en
dc.subject.other	microbial growth	en
dc.subject.other	nonhuman	en
dc.subject.other	pH	en
dc.subject.other	preservation	en
dc.subject.other	priority journal	en
dc.subject.other	relative density	en
dc.subject.other	urine	en
dc.subject.other	Bacteria	en
dc.subject.other	Doping in Sports	en
dc.subject.other	Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry	en
dc.subject.other	Humans	en
dc.subject.other	Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	en
dc.subject.other	Specimen Handling	en
dc.subject.other	Steroids	en
dc.subject.other	Temperature	en
dc.title	Stabilization of human urine doping control samples: II. Microbial degradation of steroids	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.ab.2009.02.013	en
heal.publicationDate	2009	en
heal.abstract	The transportation of urine samples, collected for doping control analysis, does not always meet ideal conditions of storage and prompt delivery to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) accredited laboratories. Because sample collection is not conducted under sterile conditions, microbial activity may cause changes to the endogenous steroid profiles of samples. In the current work, funded by WADA, a chemical mixture consisting of antibiotics, antimycotic substances and protease inhibitors was applied in urine aliquots fortified with conjugated and deuterated steroids and inoculated with nine representative microorganisms. Aliquots with and without the chemical mixture were incubated at 37 °C for 7 days to simulate the transportation period, whereas another series of aliquots was stored at -20 °C as reference. Microbial growth was assessed immediately after inoculation and at the end of the incubation period. Variations in pH and specific gravity values were recorded. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed for the detection of steroids in the free, glucuronide, and sulfate fractions. The addition of the chemical stabilization mixture to urine samples inhibited microorganism growth and prevented steroid degradation at 37 °C. On the other hand, four of the nine microorganisms induced alterations in the steroid profile of the unstabilized samples incubated at 37 °C. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	en
heal.journalName	Analytical Biochemistry	en
dc.identifier.issue	1	en
dc.identifier.volume	388	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.ab.2009.02.013	en
dc.identifier.spage	146	en
dc.identifier.epage	154	en