Studying compaction behavior of fractionated poultry litter and use of pyrolysis condensate as binder during pelletizing

dc.contributor.author	Singh, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Risse, LM	en
dc.contributor.author	Das, KC	en
dc.contributor.author	Worley, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Thompson, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Mani, S	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:49:02Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:49:02Z
dc.date.issued	2009	en
dc.identifier.issn	21510032	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/4396
dc.relation.uri	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67650559192&partnerID=40&md5=a95a8871e99a6b790417dafbc19e70d2	en
dc.subject	Compaction	en
dc.subject	Fractionation	en
dc.subject	Modeling	en
dc.subject	Pellet	en
dc.subject	Poultry litter	en
dc.subject.other	Aqueous phase	en
dc.subject.other	Binding properties	en
dc.subject.other	Bio oil	en
dc.subject.other	Bulk density	en
dc.subject.other	Coarse fractions	en
dc.subject.other	Compaction behavior	en
dc.subject.other	Compression behavior	en
dc.subject.other	Compressive loads	en
dc.subject.other	Compressive pressure	en
dc.subject.other	Density data	en
dc.subject.other	Fine fraction	en
dc.subject.other	Modeling	en
dc.subject.other	Particle rearrangement	en
dc.subject.other	Pellet	en
dc.subject.other	Pellet hardness	en
dc.subject.other	Poultry litter	en
dc.subject.other	Problem areas	en
dc.subject.other	Pyrolysis oil	en
dc.subject.other	Total mass	en
dc.subject.other	True density	en
dc.subject.other	Water quality impairment	en
dc.subject.other	Binding energy	en
dc.subject.other	Deformation	en
dc.subject.other	Hardness	en
dc.subject.other	Nutrients	en
dc.subject.other	Ore pellets	en
dc.subject.other	Particle size	en
dc.subject.other	Pelletizing	en
dc.subject.other	Phenolic resins	en
dc.subject.other	Phenols	en
dc.subject.other	Pyrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	Resins	en
dc.subject.other	Thermogravimetric analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Water pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Water quality	en
dc.subject.other	Compaction	en
dc.subject.other	bulk density	en
dc.subject.other	compaction	en
dc.subject.other	condensate	en
dc.subject.other	fractionation	en
dc.subject.other	manure	en
dc.subject.other	particle size	en
dc.subject.other	plastic deformation	en
dc.subject.other	poultry	en
dc.subject.other	pyrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	waste management	en
dc.subject.other	water quality	en
dc.title	Studying compaction behavior of fractionated poultry litter and use of pyrolysis condensate as binder during pelletizing	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.publicationDate	2009	en
heal.abstract	Excessive poultry litter has caused nutrient imbalance in some watersheds, resulting in water quality impairment. Fractionation is an option suggested to concentrate nutrients into a fine fraction (particle size < 0.85 mm), thereby reducing the total mass to be transported out of the problem area. Pelletizing this fine fraction has been considered to reduce waste volume and to increase bulk density. This article investigated compression behavior of the fine fraction of poultry litter. In this study, the fine fraction of poultry litter was pelletized using a single pelleter unit at 100°C and compressive loads of500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 N. The compressive pressure versus pellet density data obtained from this experiment were fit with models developed by Heckel, Jones, Walker, Cooper and Eaton, and Kawakita and Ludde to explain the compression behavior. Pyrolysis condensate (aqueous phase and bio-oil phase) obtained from pyrolysis of the coarse fraction (particle size > 0.85 mm) of poultry litter was used to study its binding properties. To test the binding properties of pyrolysis condensate, the aqueous and bio-oil phase were mixed with the fine fraction at levels of 5% and 10% on weight basis. Pellets were made from the mixtures using a single pelleter unit under the same set of loads. These pellets were tested for hardness. Results show that the compaction of the fine fraction of poultry litter started by particle rearrangement at 0.06 MPa, followed by elastic deformation at 4.87 MPa and plastic deformation at 26.32 MPa, achieving a pellet density equal to 1.04 times that of true density. Although pyrolysis oil is used to make phenolic resin (a binding glue), neither aqueous phase nor bio-oil phase affected pellet hardness. © 2009 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.	en
heal.journalName	Transactions of the ASABE	en
dc.identifier.issue	3	en
dc.identifier.volume	52	en
dc.identifier.spage	949	en
dc.identifier.epage	956	en