Catalytic ozonation of ammonia using biomass char and wood fly ash

dc.contributor.author	Kastner, JR	en
dc.contributor.author	Miller, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Kolar, P	en
dc.contributor.author	Das, KC	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:48:55Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:48:55Z
dc.date.issued	2009	en
dc.identifier.issn	00456535	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.035	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/4336
dc.subject	Ammonia	en
dc.subject	Biomass	en
dc.subject	Catalytic ozonation	en
dc.subject	Room temperature	en
dc.subject	Wood fly ash	en
dc.subject.other	Air streams	en
dc.subject.other	Biomass chars	en
dc.subject.other	Catalytic ozonation	en
dc.subject.other	Commercial catalysts	en
dc.subject.other	End products	en
dc.subject.other	Gaseous ammonias	en
dc.subject.other	Oxidation activities	en
dc.subject.other	Oxidation rates	en
dc.subject.other	Ozone concentrations	en
dc.subject.other	Power rates	en
dc.subject.other	Pseudo-zero-order kinetics	en
dc.subject.other	Residence time	en
dc.subject.other	Room temperature	en
dc.subject.other	Ammonia	en
dc.subject.other	Biological materials	en
dc.subject.other	Biomass	en
dc.subject.other	Catalysis	en
dc.subject.other	Catalysts	en
dc.subject.other	Fly ash	en
dc.subject.other	Industrial applications	en
dc.subject.other	Nitric oxide	en
dc.subject.other	Oxidation	en
dc.subject.other	Ozone	en
dc.subject.other	Ozone water treatment	en
dc.subject.other	Ozonization	en
dc.subject.other	Water vapor	en
dc.subject.other	Wood	en
dc.subject.other	Catalytic oxidation	en
dc.subject.other	ammonia	en
dc.subject.other	water	en
dc.subject.other	ammonia	en
dc.subject.other	biomass	en
dc.subject.other	catalyst	en
dc.subject.other	nitric oxide	en
dc.subject.other	oxidation	en
dc.subject.other	wood ash	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	biomass	en
dc.subject.other	catalysis	en
dc.subject.other	chemical reaction kinetics	en
dc.subject.other	fly ash	en
dc.subject.other	oxidation	en
dc.subject.other	ozonation	en
dc.subject.other	room temperature	en
dc.subject.other	water vapor	en
dc.subject.other	wood	en
dc.subject.other	Ammonia	en
dc.subject.other	Biomass	en
dc.subject.other	Carbon	en
dc.subject.other	Charcoal	en
dc.subject.other	Ozone	en
dc.subject.other	Particulate Matter	en
dc.subject.other	Temperature	en
dc.subject.other	Ammonia	en
dc.subject.other	Biomass	en
dc.subject.other	Catalysts	en
dc.subject.other	Fly Ash	en
dc.subject.other	Oxidation	en
dc.subject.other	Ozone	en
dc.subject.other	Temperature	en
dc.subject.other	Water Treatment	en
dc.subject.other	Water Vapor	en
dc.subject.other	Wood	en
dc.title	Catalytic ozonation of ammonia using biomass char and wood fly ash	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.035	en
heal.publicationDate	2009	en
heal.abstract	Catalytic ozonation of gaseous ammonia was investigated at room temperature using wood fly ash (WFA) and biomass char as catalysts. WFA gave the best results, removing ammonia (11 ppmv NH3, 45% conversion) at 23 °C at a residence time of 0.34 s, using 5 g of catalyst or ash at the lowest ozone concentration (62 ppmv). Assuming pseudo zero order kinetics in ozone, a power rate law of - rNH3 = 7.2 × 10- 8 CNH3 0.25 (r, mol g-1 s-1, CNH3 mol L-1) was determined at 510 ppmv O3 and 23 °C for WFA. Water vapor approximately doubled the oxidation rate using WFA and catalytic ozonation activity was not measured for the char without humidifying the air stream. Overall oxidation rates using the crude catalysts were lower than commercial catalysts, but the catalytic ozonation process operated at significantly lower temperatures (23 vs. 300 °C). Nitric oxide was not detected and the percentage of NO2 formed from NH3 oxidation ranged from 0.3% to 3% (v/v), with WFA resulting in the lowest NO2 level (at low O3 levels). However, we could not verify that N2O was not formed, so further research is needed to determine if N2 is the primary end-product. Additional research is required to develop techniques to enhance the oxidation activity and industrial application of the crude, but potentially inexpensive catalysts. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	en
heal.journalName	Chemosphere	en
dc.identifier.issue	6	en
dc.identifier.volume	75	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.035	en
dc.identifier.spage	739	en
dc.identifier.epage	744	en