Occurrence of flavonoids in Ophrys (Orchidaceae) flower parts

dc.contributor.author	Karioti, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Kitsaki, CK	en
dc.contributor.author	Zygouraki, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Ziobora, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Djeddi, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Skaltsa, H	en
dc.contributor.author	Liakopoulos, G	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:48:37Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:48:37Z
dc.date.issued	2008	en
dc.identifier.issn	03672530	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2007.09.009	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/4210
dc.subject	Flavonoids	en
dc.subject	Flower	en
dc.subject	Ophrys sp.	en
dc.subject	Orchidaceae	en
dc.subject	Pollen fertility	en
dc.subject	Ultraviolet radiation	en
dc.subject.other	chemical composition	en
dc.subject.other	comparative study	en
dc.subject.other	concentration (composition)	en
dc.subject.other	flower	en
dc.subject.other	monocotyledon	en
dc.subject.other	phenolic compound	en
dc.subject.other	phytochemistry	en
dc.subject.other	species occurrence	en
dc.subject.other	Cornuta	en
dc.subject.other	Ophrys	en
dc.subject.other	Ophrys apifera	en
dc.subject.other	Ophrys argolica	en
dc.subject.other	Ophrys cornuta	en
dc.subject.other	Ophrys delphinensis	en
dc.subject.other	Orchidaceae	en
dc.title	Occurrence of flavonoids in Ophrys (Orchidaceae) flower parts	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.flora.2007.09.009	en
heal.publicationDate	2008	en
heal.abstract	The flower parts (i.e. sepals, labellum, gynostemium and isolated pollinia) of four Ophrys species (Ophrys argolica, Ophrys apifera, Ophrys cornuta, and Ophrys delfinensis [O. argolica×O. cornuta]), native in Greece, were examined for the presence of polyphenolic compounds. The chemical composition was studied by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis and 1D and 2D NMR), whereas the localization of the phenolic compounds was depicted by epifluorescence microscopy. The chemical composition was highly variable among the different flower parts. Pollinia and sepals contained the highest concentrations of flavonoids, while the labellum contained the lowest. Among species, O. apifera showed the highest (up to 6-fold) concentration of flavonoid compounds compared with the other three species. Microscopic observations showed that flavonoids are localized in the protoplast, especially in proximity of the nucleus. They are concentrated on cuticle and cell walls of epidermal cells and in parenchyma cells of the sepals. The pollinia contained high concentrations of flavonols which were deposited in the pollen grains. Three kaempferol (Km) glycosides, Km 3-O-β-d-glucoside, Km 3-O-β-d-rutinoside and Km 3-O-β-d-rhamnoside, were the dominant compounds in the pollinia. The above results suggest a UV-protective role for flavonoids in the flower parts of these plants. Additionally, the pollen-specific flavonols could also be related to the flavonol-depended male fertility known from other plant species. © 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.	en
heal.journalName	Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants	en
dc.identifier.issue	7	en
dc.identifier.volume	203	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.flora.2007.09.009	en
dc.identifier.spage	602	en
dc.identifier.epage	609	en