Gender differences in reproductive and physiological traits in a gynodioecious species, Geranium maculatum (Geraniaceae)

dc.contributor.author	Van Etten, ML	en
dc.contributor.author	Prevost, LB	en
dc.contributor.author	Deen, AC	en
dc.contributor.author	Ortiz, BV	en
dc.contributor.author	Donovan, LA	en
dc.contributor.author	Chang, S-M	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:48:07Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:48:07Z
dc.date.issued	2008	en
dc.identifier.issn	10585893	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/524109	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/3975
dc.subject	Carbon isotope ratio	en
dc.subject	Female fitness compensation	en
dc.subject	Gynodioecy	en
dc.subject	Hermaphrodite	en
dc.subject	Leaf N	en
dc.subject	Photosynthesis	en
dc.subject	Water use efficiency	en
dc.subject.other	angiosperm	en
dc.subject.other	autogamy	en
dc.subject.other	carbon isotope ratio	en
dc.subject.other	fitness	en
dc.subject.other	gender	en
dc.subject.other	gynodioecy	en
dc.subject.other	hermaphrodite	en
dc.subject.other	microhabitat	en
dc.subject.other	photosynthesis	en
dc.subject.other	physiology	en
dc.subject.other	reproduction	en
dc.subject.other	reproductive cost	en
dc.subject.other	resource allocation	en
dc.subject.other	water use efficiency	en
dc.subject.other	Geraniaceae	en
dc.subject.other	Geranium maculatum	en
dc.title	Gender differences in reproductive and physiological traits in a gynodioecious species, Geranium maculatum (Geraniaceae)	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1086/524109	en
heal.publicationDate	2008	en
heal.abstract	Plant species with separate genders often exhibit gender differences in traits related to reproductive allocation. In gynodioecious species, females often produce more seeds than do hermaphrodites, leading to a higher reproductive cost. The mechanisms that allow females to meet the high costs of reproduction are currently under debate. In this study, we test the hypothesis that there are genetically based gender differences in physiological traits that enable females to finance these costs through higher photosynthetic carbon gain in the gynodioecious perennial Geranium maculatum. Females and hermaphrodites were compared in a greenhouse study that minimized environmental and selfing rate differences between the genders. We found that females produced smaller flowers but more of them and more fruits than did hermaphrodites. However, genders did not differ in their seed number, seed mass, fruit set, and reproductive allocation. In addition, genders did not differ in photosynthetic rate (A), leaf N, and water use efficiency inferred from leaf carbon isotope ratio (δ13C). Overall, G. maculatum shows no genetically based gender differences for most of the reproductive traits or any of the physiological traits measured. Our results suggest that for G. maculatum, the gender fitness differences previously identified in natural populations may be caused by gender differences in microhabitat and/or selfing rate. © 2008 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.	en
heal.journalName	International Journal of Plant Sciences	en
dc.identifier.issue	2	en
dc.identifier.volume	169	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1086/524109	en
dc.identifier.spage	271	en
dc.identifier.epage	279	en