Hydrologic assessment of an urban variable source watershed in the northeast United States

dc.contributor.author	Easton, ZM	en
dc.contributor.author	Gerard-Marchant, P	en
dc.contributor.author	Walter, MT	en
dc.contributor.author	Petrovic, AM	en
dc.contributor.author	Steenhuis, TS	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:47:24Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:47:24Z
dc.date.issued	2007	en
dc.identifier.issn	00431397	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005076	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/3569
dc.subject.other	Computer simulation	en
dc.subject.other	Impurities	en
dc.subject.other	Infiltration	en
dc.subject.other	Mathematical models	en
dc.subject.other	Runoff	en
dc.subject.other	Soil moisture	en
dc.subject.other	Distributed hydrology	en
dc.subject.other	Physical monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	Shallower soils	en
dc.subject.other	Watersheds	en
dc.subject.other	Computer simulation	en
dc.subject.other	Impurities	en
dc.subject.other	Infiltration	en
dc.subject.other	Mathematical models	en
dc.subject.other	Runoff	en
dc.subject.other	Soil moisture	en
dc.subject.other	Watersheds	en
dc.subject.other	baseflow	en
dc.subject.other	hydraulic structure	en
dc.subject.other	infiltration	en
dc.subject.other	land use	en
dc.subject.other	model validation	en
dc.subject.other	overland flow	en
dc.subject.other	runoff	en
dc.subject.other	soil moisture	en
dc.subject.other	urban area	en
dc.subject.other	urbanization	en
dc.subject.other	water budget	en
dc.subject.other	watershed	en
dc.subject.other	New York [United States]	en
dc.subject.other	North America	en
dc.subject.other	United States	en
dc.title	Hydrologic assessment of an urban variable source watershed in the northeast United States	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1029/2006WR005076	en
heal.identifier.secondary	W03413	en
heal.publicationDate	2007	en
heal.abstract	[1] Effective control of nonpoint source contaminants in runoff from urbanized watersheds requires knowledge about the locations of runoff source areas under a variety of conditions. Physical monitoring of spatially variant processes, such as runoff production form variable source areas, is time-consuming and expensive. Thus modeling the processes may provide a valuable cost-effective alternative. In this paper we adapt and validate a variable source model for an urban watershed to predict areas of the landscape prone to elevated soil moisture levels and saturation excess runoff. We modified the soil moisture distribution and routing (SMDR) model to simulate hydrologic processes in an urban upstate New York watershed by considering the impact of impervious surfaces, hydraulic control structures (detention basins), and land use on the water balance. In our model, infiltration excess runoff from impervious surfaces infiltrates in the surrounding soils. Simulated and observed streamflow agreed well, and more importantly, the distribution of soil moisture levels and overland flow throughout the watershed were well predicted. Removing urban features from the model resulted in substantially lower peak stormflows than observed, and the base and interflows increased accordingly. Both modeled and measured distributed results indicated that the more urbanized areas of the study site had both higher soil moistures and runoff losses due to shallower soils, greater upslope contributing areas, and a larger area of impervious surfaces generating runoff. The model results helped identify processes that describe how urbanization impacts integrated and distributed hydrology, which provides useful information for targeted water quality management. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.	en
heal.journalName	Water Resources Research	en
dc.identifier.issue	3	en
dc.identifier.volume	43	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1029/2006WR005076	en