Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. et Mey. Var. pectinatus (Lamiaceae)

dc.contributor.author	Vardar-Unlu, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Candan, F	en
dc.contributor.author	Sokmen, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Daferera, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Polissiou, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Sokmen, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Donmez, E	en
dc.contributor.author	Tepe, B	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:45:40Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:45:40Z
dc.date.issued	2003	en
dc.identifier.issn	00218561	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf025753e	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/2556
dc.subject	Antimicrobial activity	en
dc.subject	Antioxidant activity	en
dc.subject	Essential oil	en
dc.subject	Methanol extract	en
dc.subject	Thymus pectinatus	en
dc.subject.other	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl	en
dc.subject.other	2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl	en
dc.subject.other	4 cymene	en
dc.subject.other	4-cymene	en
dc.subject.other	Anti Infective Agents	en
dc.subject.other	antiinfective agent	en
dc.subject.other	antioxidant	en
dc.subject.other	bornane derivative	en
dc.subject.other	borneol	en
dc.subject.other	carvacrol	en
dc.subject.other	essential oil	en
dc.subject.other	gamma-terpinene	en
dc.subject.other	hydroxyl radical	en
dc.subject.other	isoborneol	en
dc.subject.other	lipid	en
dc.subject.other	methanol	en
dc.subject.other	methanol derivative	en
dc.subject.other	picric acid	en
dc.subject.other	plant extract	en
dc.subject.other	scavenger	en
dc.subject.other	superoxide	en
dc.subject.other	terpene	en
dc.subject.other	terpinene	en
dc.subject.other	thymol	en
dc.subject.other	thymus pectinatus extract	en
dc.subject.other	unclassified drug	en
dc.subject.other	vegetable oil	en
dc.subject.other	angiosperm	en
dc.subject.other	antimicrobial activity	en
dc.subject.other	antioxidant activity	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	bacterium	en
dc.subject.other	chemistry	en
dc.subject.other	controlled study	en
dc.subject.other	drug activity	en
dc.subject.other	drug effect	en
dc.subject.other	drug isolation	en
dc.subject.other	fractionation	en
dc.subject.other	gas chromatography	en
dc.subject.other	lipid peroxidation	en
dc.subject.other	mass fragmentography	en
dc.subject.other	mass spectrometry	en
dc.subject.other	nonhuman	en
dc.subject.other	structure activity relation	en
dc.subject.other	Anti-Bacterial Agents	en
dc.subject.other	Antioxidants	en
dc.subject.other	Bacteria	en
dc.subject.other	Bornanes	en
dc.subject.other	Chemical Fractionation	en
dc.subject.other	Free Radical Scavengers	en
dc.subject.other	Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry	en
dc.subject.other	Lamiaceae	en
dc.subject.other	Lipid Peroxidation	en
dc.subject.other	Methanol	en
dc.subject.other	Monoterpenes	en
dc.subject.other	Oils, Volatile	en
dc.subject.other	Picrates	en
dc.subject.other	Plant Extracts	en
dc.subject.other	Plant Oils	en
dc.subject.other	Terpenes	en
dc.subject.other	Thymol	en
dc.subject.other	Bacteria (microorganisms)	en
dc.subject.other	Lamiaceae	en
dc.subject.other	Magnoliophyta	en
dc.subject.other	Pectinatus	en
dc.title	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. et Mey. Var. pectinatus (Lamiaceae)	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1021/jf025753e	en
heal.publicationDate	2003	en
heal.abstract	The essential oil, obtained by using a Clevenger distillation apparatus, and water-soluble (polar) and water-insoluble (nonpolar) subfractions of the methanol extract of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. et Mey. var. pectinatus were assayed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. No (or slight) antimicrobial activity was observed when the subfractions were tested, whereas the essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms tested. Antioxidant activities of the polar subfraction and the essential oil were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical scavenging, and lipid peroxidation assays. The essential oil, in particular, and the polar subfraction of the methanol extract showed antioxidant activity. The essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS, and 24 compounds, representing 99.6% of the essential oil, were identified: thymol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, carvacrol, and borneol were the main components. An antimicrobial activity test carried out with fractions of the essential oil showed that the activity was mainly observed in those fractions containing thymol, in particular, and carvacrol. The activity was, therefore, attributed to the presence of these compounds. Other constituents of the essential oil, such as borneol, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene, could be also taken into account for their possible synergistic or antagonistic effects. On the other hand, thymol and carvacrol were individually found to possess weaker antioxidant activity than the crude oil itself, indicating that other constituents of the essential oil may contribute to the antioxidant activity observed. In conclusion, the results presented here show that T. pectinatus essential oil could be considered as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant source.	en
heal.journalName	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	en
dc.identifier.issue	1	en
dc.identifier.volume	51	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1021/jf025753e	en
dc.identifier.spage	63	en
dc.identifier.epage	67	en