In vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of herbal parts and callus cultures of Satureja hortensis L.

dc.contributor.author	Gulluce, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Sokmen, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Daferera, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Agar, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Ozkan, H	en
dc.contributor.author	Kartal, N	en
dc.contributor.author	Polissiou, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Sokmen, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Sahin, F	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:45:32Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:45:32Z
dc.date.issued	2003	en
dc.identifier.issn	00218561	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0340308	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/2492
dc.subject	Antimicrobial activity	en
dc.subject	Antioxidant activity	en
dc.subject	Callus cultures	en
dc.subject	GC-FID analysis	en
dc.subject	Saturela hortensis	en
dc.subject.other	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl	en
dc.subject.other	6 n benzyladenine	en
dc.subject.other	antioxidant	en
dc.subject.other	butylcresol	en
dc.subject.other	carvacrol	en
dc.subject.other	cefoperazone	en
dc.subject.other	chloroform	en
dc.subject.other	essential oil	en
dc.subject.other	free radical	en
dc.subject.other	indolebutyric acid	en
dc.subject.other	linoleic acid	en
dc.subject.other	methanol	en
dc.subject.other	netilmicin	en
dc.subject.other	ofloxacin	en
dc.subject.other	para cymene	en
dc.subject.other	plant extract	en
dc.subject.other	satureja hortensis extract	en
dc.subject.other	sucrose	en
dc.subject.other	sulbactam	en
dc.subject.other	terpinene	en
dc.subject.other	thymol	en
dc.subject.other	unclassified drug	en
dc.subject.other	water	en
dc.subject.other	antibacterial activity	en
dc.subject.other	antifungal activity	en
dc.subject.other	antioxidant activity	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	Bacillus subtilis	en
dc.subject.other	chemical composition	en
dc.subject.other	controlled study	en
dc.subject.other	distillation	en
dc.subject.other	drug isolation	en
dc.subject.other	Enterococcus faecalis	en
dc.subject.other	gas chromatography	en
dc.subject.other	herb	en
dc.subject.other	IC 50	en
dc.subject.other	in vitro study	en
dc.subject.other	mass spectrometry	en
dc.subject.other	nonhuman	en
dc.subject.other	oxidation	en
dc.subject.other	plant seed	en
dc.subject.other	plant tissue culture	en
dc.subject.other	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	en
dc.subject.other	reduction	en
dc.subject.other	Salmonella enteritidis	en
dc.subject.other	satureja hortensis	en
dc.subject.other	solubility	en
dc.subject.other	Streptococcus pyogenes	en
dc.subject.other	Anti-Bacterial Agents	en
dc.subject.other	Antifungal Agents	en
dc.subject.other	Antioxidants	en
dc.subject.other	Bacteria	en
dc.subject.other	Chromatography, Gas	en
dc.subject.other	Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry	en
dc.subject.other	Methanol	en
dc.subject.other	Oils, Volatile	en
dc.subject.other	Plant Extracts	en
dc.subject.other	Satureja	en
dc.subject.other	Bacillus subtilis	en
dc.subject.other	Bacteria (microorganisms)	en
dc.subject.other	Enterococcus	en
dc.subject.other	Enterococcus faecalis	en
dc.subject.other	Fungi	en
dc.subject.other	Pseudomonas	en
dc.subject.other	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	en
dc.subject.other	Salmonella	en
dc.subject.other	Salmonella enteritidis	en
dc.subject.other	Satureja hortensis	en
dc.subject.other	Spermatophyta	en
dc.subject.other	Streptococcus pyogenes	en
dc.title	In vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of herbal parts and callus cultures of Satureja hortensis L.	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1021/jf0340308	en
heal.publicationDate	2003	en
heal.abstract	The present study was designated to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil, obtained by using a Clevenger distillation apparatus, water soluble (polar) and water insoluble (nonpolar) subfractions of the methanol extracts from aerial parts of Satureja hortensis L. plants, and methanol extract from calli established from the seeds using Gamborg's B5 basal media supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (1.0 ppm), 6-benzylaminopurine (N 6-benzyladenine) (1.0 ppm), and sucrose (2.5%). The antimicrobial test results showed that the essential oil of S. hortensis had great potential antimicrobial activities against all 23 bacteria and 15 fungi and yeast species tested. In contrast, the methanol extract from callus cultures and water soluble subfraction of the methanol extract did not show antimicrobial activities, but the nonpolar subfraction had antibacterial activity against only five out of 23 bacterial species, which were Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus fecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Antioxidant studies suggested that the polar subfractions of the methanol extract of intact plant and methanol extract of callus cultures were able to reduce the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl to the yellow-colored diphenylpicrylhydrazine. In this assay, the strongest effect was observed for the tissue culture extract, with an IC 50 value of 23.76 ± 0.80 μg/mL, which could be compared with the synthetic antioxidant agent butylated hydroxytoluene. On the other hand, linoleic acid oxidation was 95% inhibited in the presence of the essential oil while the inhibition was 90% with the chloroform subfraction of the intact plant. The chemical composition of a hydrodistilled essential oil of S. hortensis was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)/flame ionization detection (FID) and a GC-mass spectrometry system. A total 22 constituents representing 99.9% of the essential oil were identified by GC-FID analaysis. Thymol (29.0%), carvacrol (26.5%), μ-terpinene (22.6%), and p-cymene (9.3%) were the main components.	en
heal.journalName	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	en
dc.identifier.issue	14	en
dc.identifier.volume	51	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1021/jf0340308	en
dc.identifier.spage	3958	en
dc.identifier.epage	3965	en