Groundwater pollution by heavy metals in historical mining area of Lavrio, Attica, Greece

dc.contributor.author	Stamatis, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Voudouris, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Karefilakis, F	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-06-06T06:44:40Z
dc.date.available	2014-06-06T06:44:40Z
dc.date.issued	2001	en
dc.identifier.issn	00496979	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010337718104	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://62.217.125.90/xmlui/handle/123456789/2003
dc.subject	Greece	en
dc.subject	Groundwater pollution	en
dc.subject	Heavy metals	en
dc.subject	Historical mining	en
dc.subject	Hydrochemical analysis	en
dc.subject	Lavrio	en
dc.subject	Seawater intrusion	en
dc.subject	Statistical analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Aquifers	en
dc.subject.other	Heavy metals	en
dc.subject.other	Mining	en
dc.subject.other	Salt water intrusion	en
dc.subject.other	Silica	en
dc.subject.other	Water quality	en
dc.subject.other	Water resources	en
dc.subject.other	Mineralization	en
dc.subject.other	Groundwater pollution	en
dc.subject.other	bicarbonate	en
dc.subject.other	cadmium	en
dc.subject.other	calcium	en
dc.subject.other	chlorine	en
dc.subject.other	chromium	en
dc.subject.other	copper	en
dc.subject.other	ground water	en
dc.subject.other	heavy metal	en
dc.subject.other	iron	en
dc.subject.other	lead	en
dc.subject.other	magnesium	en
dc.subject.other	manganese	en
dc.subject.other	nickel	en
dc.subject.other	nitrate	en
dc.subject.other	nitrite	en
dc.subject.other	phosphate	en
dc.subject.other	potassium	en
dc.subject.other	sea water	en
dc.subject.other	silicon dioxide	en
dc.subject.other	sodium	en
dc.subject.other	sulfate	en
dc.subject.other	sulfide	en
dc.subject.other	trace element	en
dc.subject.other	zinc	en
dc.subject.other	groundwater pollution	en
dc.subject.other	heavy metal	en
dc.subject.other	mining	en
dc.subject.other	unconfined aquifer	en
dc.subject.other	agriculture	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	conductance	en
dc.subject.other	controlled study	en
dc.subject.other	correlation function	en
dc.subject.other	deterioration	en
dc.subject.other	factorial analysis	en
dc.subject.other	geographic distribution	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	mineralization	en
dc.subject.other	mining	en
dc.subject.other	model	en
dc.subject.other	parameter	en
dc.subject.other	pH	en
dc.subject.other	water hardness	en
dc.subject.other	water management	en
dc.subject.other	water pollution	en
dc.subject.other	water quality	en
dc.subject.other	water sampling	en
dc.subject.other	water temperature	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.title	Groundwater pollution by heavy metals in historical mining area of Lavrio, Attica, Greece	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1023/A:1010337718104	en
heal.publicationDate	2001	en
heal.abstract	This article deals with the impacts of past mining activities and inefficient water resources management on groundwater quality in the Lavrio area. Thirty-three water samples were collected during March 1998 and were analyzed for major ions (Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO 3, Cl, NO 3, SO 4, PO 4), trace elements (Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd) and water parameters (Temperature, pH, conductivity, hardness and SiO 2). High concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel) are recorded in groundwater samples in the Lavrio area. The highest concentrations are recorded in the unconfined aquifer (alluvial deposits and schists), due to mining activities. Quality deterioration of groundwater is also decumented and attributed to seawater intrusion and nitrate pollution of agricultural origin. The data were subjected to simple correlation analysis and R-mode factor analysis in order to examine the relationships between the parameters. There is a relationship between the elements participating in the sulfide (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd) and iron-manganese mineralization and a strong relationship between Ni-Cr. In the factor analysis a four-factor model is suggested, which can explain 72.5% of the total variance. The contribution of each factor at every site is also computed and maps showing the geographical distribution are illustrated. The areas with high concentrations of heavy metals are defined from these maps.	en
heal.journalName	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution	en
dc.identifier.issue	1-2	en
dc.identifier.volume	128	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1023/A:1010337718104	en
dc.identifier.spage	61	en
dc.identifier.epage	83	en